Landscapes of the American Past: Visualizing Emancipation

The Digital Scholarship Lab at the University of Richmond proposes Landscapes of the American Past,an online atlas of American history, as a tool for organizing and interpreting a part of the outpouring of digital materials over the past twenty years and as a tool for thinking spatially about the past. In the start-up period, we will produce "Landscapes of Emancipation," the first detailed map of emancipation yet published, and answer questions about when, where, and how emancipation emerged from the Civil War. In doing so, we will also address a question of increasing interest in the digital humanities: how can we produce maps that rely on and support open resources while at the same time creating effective and elegant visualizations that convey scholarly arguments? We will publish our findings online as a mapping application, in peer-reviewed essays, as freely accessible data and metadata, and in a white paper addressing the methodology of visualizing historical arguments

Canadian Adult Education: Still Moving

Two of Canada’s veteran adult educators have recently discussed what they claim as the “death” of the Canadian adult education movement. In this paper, we challenge this claim and provide evidence to show that adult education in Canada remains vigorous and vital, expanding in some areas and overall still deserving of being called a movement

Planar Cell Polarity Pathways in Breast Development

Epithelial cells are the building blocks of tissues which line surfaces throughout the body. These cells are robustly arranged into patterns and structures depending on the specialised functions of various organs. How single cells arrange into these structures is a fundamental question in biology. The mammary gland provides an ideal system to study epithelial morphogenesis as it develops post-natally and remodels during adult life. Like many internal organs, mammary epithelia are assembled into a branched network of ducts, with milk producing alveoli developing during pregnancy and lactation. However, the mechanisms which regulate the organisation of epithelial cells into distinct morphological structures remain to be uncovered. This study investigated the hypothesis that ductal morphogenesis could be induced by the following 3 ways: a) collective cell migrations along the length of the duct, b) oriented cell divisions and c) regulated cell shape and intercellular adhesions. Collective cell behaviours are commonly regulated by Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) proteins, the phenomenon by which cells are polarised in the 2D plane of an epithelium. When cultured in 3D matrix, mouse mammary epithelial cells form the ducts and branches of the mammary gland. Here we investigated alternative 3D mammary culture techniques and designed tools to analyse PCP pathways in primary organoid cultures. These include shRNA knockdown of Vangl2 and insertion of H2B-RFP to analyse oriented cell division in organoids. PCP in the pubertal developing mammary gland was investigated and reveals Vangl2 protein expression mirrors increased ductal elongation and branching, and Vangl2 localisation to some cell membranes, which suggests that Vangl2 plays roles in the development of mammalian mammary epithelia. Mammary gland morphology was investigated using a 3D immunofluorescence and microscopy technique of whole mount tissue, and we showed a distinct organisation of myoepithelial cells around elongating ducts. By understanding the mechanisms of epithelial morphogenesis under normal conditions, we understand more how these processes could function abnormally in disease states such as cancer

Planar Cell Polarity Pathways in Breast Development

Epithelial cells are the building blocks of tissues which line surfaces throughout the body. These cells are robustly arranged into patterns and structures depending on the specialised functions of various organs. How single cells arrange into these structures is a fundamental question in biology. The mammary gland provides an ideal system to study epithelial morphogenesis as it develops post-natally and remodels during adult life. Like many internal organs, mammary epithelia are assembled into a branched network of ducts, with milk producing alveoli developing during pregnancy and lactation. However, the mechanisms which regulate the organisation of epithelial cells into distinct morphological structures remain to be uncovered. This study investigated the hypothesis that ductal morphogenesis could be induced by the following 3 ways: a) collective cell migrations along the length of the duct, b) oriented cell divisions and c) regulated cell shape and intercellular adhesions. Collective cell behaviours are commonly regulated by Planar Cell Polarity (PCP) proteins, the phenomenon by which cells are polarised in the 2D plane of an epithelium. When cultured in 3D matrix, mouse mammary epithelial cells form the ducts and branches of the mammary gland. Here we investigated alternative 3D mammary culture techniques and designed tools to analyse PCP pathways in primary organoid cultures. These include shRNA knockdown of Vangl2 and insertion of H2B-RFP to analyse oriented cell division in organoids. PCP in the pubertal developing mammary gland was investigated and reveals Vangl2 protein expression mirrors increased ductal elongation and branching, and Vangl2 localisation to some cell membranes, which suggests that Vangl2 plays roles in the development of mammalian mammary epithelia. Mammary gland morphology was investigated using a 3D immunofluorescence and microscopy technique of whole mount tissue, and we showed a distinct organisation of myoepithelial cells around elongating ducts. By understanding the mechanisms of epithelial morphogenesis under normal conditions, we understand more how these processes could function abnormally in disease states such as cancer

Studying and Constructing Concept Maps: A Meta-Analysis

A concept map is a node-link diagram in which each node represents a concept and each link identifies the relationship between the two concepts it connects. We investigated how using concept maps influences learning by synthesizing the results of 142 independent effect sizes (n = 11,814). A random-effects model meta-analysis revealed that learning with concept and knowledge maps produced a moderate, statistically significant effect (g =.58, p < .001). A moderator analysis revealed that creating concept maps (g =.72, p < .001) was associated with greater benefit relative to respective comparison conditions than studying concept maps (g = .43, p <.001). Additional moderator analyses indicated learning with concept maps was superior to other instructional comparison conditions, and was effective across science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) and non-STEM knowledge domains. Further moderator analyses, as well as implications for theory and practice, are provided

Malignant histiocytosis: A reassessment of cases formerly classified as histiocytic neoplasms and review of the literature

Malignant histiocytosis (MH) and true histiocytic lymphoma (THL) are hematopoietic malignancies of the mononuclear phagocytic system distinguished from each other by clinical presentation and presumed cell of origin. THL present as a localized mass derived from the fixed tissue histiocyte which may or may not disseminate. MH originates from the circulating monocyte or tissue macrophage and is characterized by a syndrome of systemic symptoms, pancytopenia, adenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and wasting. The distinction between MH and THL is at times arbitrary and overlap exists between these syndromes. The clinicopathologic studies that defined these entities were performed prior to the development of immunophenotyping and other molecular techniques currently used to ensure proper classification of hematopoietic malignancies. Nine patients from the University of Minnesota originally diagnosed with MH were retrospectively analyzed using a panel of antibodies reactive against T cell, B cell, and myelomonocytic antigens. Only one patient was reclassified as a possible histiocytic malignancy after reevaluation. Similar immunophenotyping studies have also shown cases previously diagnosed as MH or THL express lymphoid antigens, and would now be classified as Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) or some other hematopoietic neoplasm. These results indicate true histiocytic neoplasms are extremely rare, and previous concepts concerning clinical presentation and therapeutic outcome of the entities are inaccurate. In this paper we summarize the results of multiple retrospective analyses of cases previously diagnosed as MH or THL, including our experience at University of Minnesota, to illustrate the overall rarity of these entities. The current literature on malignant histiocytic disorders is reviewed, and the clinical presentation of patients determined to have histiocytic malignancies using contemporary analytical techniques is discussed

Child's Play: Examining the Association Between Time Spent Playing and Child Mental Health

This is the final version. Available on open access from Springer via the DOI in this recordData Availability; The surveys, data, analysis script and results files that support the findings of this paper are openly available via the UK Data Service: https://beta.ukdataservice.ac.uk/datacatalogue/doi/?id=8793#!#0.It is theorised that adventurous play offers learning opportunities that help to prevent mental health problems in children. In this study, data from two samples is used to examine associations between the time that children aged 5-11 years spent playing adventurously and their mental health. For comparison, time spent playing unadventurously and time spent playing outdoors are also examined. Study 1 includes a sample of 417 parents, Study 2 includes data from a nationally representative sample of 1919 parents. Small, significant associations between adventurous play and internalising problems, as well as positive affect during the first UK-wide Covid-19 lockdown, were found; children who spend more time playing adventurously had fewer internalising problems and more positive affect during the Covid-19 lockdown. Study 2 showed that these associations were stronger for children from lower income families than for children from higher income families. The results align with theoretical hypotheses about adventurous play.UKR

Your Flag and My Flag

[Verse 1] Your flag and my flag, And how it flies today In your land and my land And half a world away! Rose-red and blood-red The stripes forever gleam; Snow-white and soul-white The good forefather’s dream; Sky-blue and true blue, With stars to gleam aright The gloried guidon of the day; A shelter through the night. Sky blue and true blue, With stars that gleam aright The gloried guidon of the day; A shelter through the night. [Verse 2] Your flag and my flag! To ev’ry star and stripe The drums beat as hearts beat And fifers shrilly pipe! Your flag and my flag A blessing in the sky; Your hope and my hope It never hid a lie! Home land and far land And half the world around, Old glory hears our glad salute And ripples to the sound! Home land and far land And half the world around, Old glory hears our glad salute And ripples to the sound [Verse 3] Your flag and my flag! And, oh, how much it holds Your land and my land Secure within its folds! Your heart and my heart Beat quicker at the sight; Sun-kissed and wind tossed Red blue and white. One flag – the great flag - The flag for me and you Glorified all else beside The red and white and blue! One flag the great flag The flag for me and you Glorified all else beside The red and white and blue

Living with early-stage dementia: a review of qualitative studies

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Longitudinal performance of senescence accelerated mouse prone-strain 8 (SAMP8) mice in an olfactory-visual water maze challenge

© 2018 Lam, Takechi, Albrecht, D’Alonzo, Graneri, Hackett, Coulson, Fimognari, Nesbit and Mamo. Morris water maze (MWM) is widely used to assess cognitive deficits in pre-clinical rodent models. Latency time to reach escape platform is frequently reported, but may be confounded by deficits in visual acuity, or differences in locomotor activity. This study compared performance of Senescence Accelerated Mouse Prone-Strain 8 (SAMP8) and control Senescence Accelerated Mouse Resistant-Strain 1 (SAMR1) mice in classical MWM, relative to performance in a newly developed olfactory-visual maze testing protocol. Performance indicated as the escape time to rescue platform for classical MWM testing showed that SAMP8 mice as young as 6 weeks of age did poorly relative to age-matched SAMR1 mice. The olfactory-visual maze challenge described better discriminated SAMP8 vs. SAMR1 mice than classical MWM testing, based on latency time measures. Consideration of the distance traveled rather than latency time in the classical MWM found no treatment effects between SAMP8 and SAMR1 at 40 weeks of age and the olfactory-visual measures of performance confirmed the classical MWM findings. Longitudinal (repeat) assessment of SAMP8 and SAMR1 performance at 6, 20, 30, and 40 weeks of age in the olfactory-visual testing protocol showed no age-associated deficits in SAMP8 mice to the last age end-point indicated. Collectively, the results from this study suggest the olfactory-visual testing protocol may be advantageous compared to classical MWM as it avoids potential confounders of visual impairment in some strains of mice and indeed, may offer insight into cognitive and behavioral deficits that develop with advanced age in the widely used SAMP8 murine model